There are different types of engine failures in excavators, and one common issue is engine deceleration. Engine deceleration refers to a reduction in engine speed during excavation operations, manifesting in two forms: mild deceleration within 200 RPM and severe deceleration exceeding 300 RPM, which may lead to unexpected engine shutdown.
Causes of Engine Deceleration:
-
Fuel System Issues: Diesel fuel system faults can lead to deceleration. Blockages in the diesel fuel system are known to cause reduced engine speed.
-
Hydraulic System Malfunctions: Faults in the hydraulic system, causing the hydraulic pump to fail in adjusting displacement, result in high system pressure, leading to deceleration and potential engine shutdown.
-
Insufficient Engine Power Output: Engine power output below the rated power or issues with the main pump can contribute to engine deceleration.
-
Poor Fuel Quality: The use of low-quality or contaminated fuel can result in inadequate engine power, causing deceleration.
-
Intake System Issues: Air leaks or blockages in the intake system can lead to insufficient air supply, causing incomplete combustion and issues like deceleration and black smoke emission.
-
Electromagnetic Valve Clearance: Excessive clearance in electromagnetic valves can cause inadequate fuel supply, resulting in engine deceleration.
-
Fuel System Leak or Blockage: Loose joints or ruptures in the fuel system supply lines can lead to fuel leakage or blockage, causing insufficient fuel supply and potential engine shutdown.
-
Various Other Factors: Deceleration can also be caused by factors such as incorrect valve clearances, incorrect fuel injection timing, damaged turbochargers, and faulty brakes.
Addressing Deceleration Issues:
-
Fuel Quality Check: Verify the quality of diesel fuel, ensuring it is not degraded or contaminated.
-
Valve Clearance Inspection: Check and adjust the engine's valve clearances.
-
Intake System Examination: Inspect and clean the intake system, including air pre-filters and air filters.
-
Load-Related Analysis: Assess if deceleration occurs under a load condition and investigate accordingly.
-
Comprehensive Engine Inspection: Conduct a thorough examination of the engine to identify and address potential faults.
-
Systematic Checks: Examine electronic control, hydraulic, and fuel systems to pinpoint and resolve issues.
Conclusion:
Understanding the causes of engine deceleration in excavators and systematically addressing each factor is crucial for maintaining optimal machine performance during excavation operations. Regular maintenance and timely diagnostics play key roles in preventing and resolving engine deceleration issues.
